Retrofit Modbus RTU and TCP machines into a Unified Namespace: gateway options, polling vs report-by-exception, data modeling, and failure modes in brownfield plants.
OPC UA has 400+ companion specifications of industrial semantics. How to expose them to AI agents as MCP tools and RAG corpora - architecture, pitfalls and safety.
OPC UA FX vs MQTT Sparkplug B compared for the Unified Namespace: machine-level field exchange vs enterprise event bus, TSN, payloads, when to bridge. 2026 decision guide.