LLM function calling explained: JSON-schema tool definitions, parallel tool calls, the agent loop, routing, validation and failure handling in a production tool-use architecture.
Matryoshka embeddings explained: how Matryoshka Representation Learning nests multiple dimensions in one vector for adaptive retrieval - coarse-to-fine search, storage cuts, MRL training and failure modes in 2026.
Hybrid search architecture explained: fusing BM25 sparse retrieval with dense vector search using Reciprocal Rank Fusion - indexing, scoring, rerankers, latency and failure modes for production RAG in 2026.
A 2026 vector database benchmark: Pinecone, Weaviate, Qdrant, and Milvus on recall, latency, throughput, and cost - with what changed in the second half of 2026.
pgvector vs a dedicated vector database in 2026: recall, latency, filtering, scale, operations, and cost - a decision record for choosing your vector store.
A 2026 cost and quality decision record for fine-tuning vs RAG vs long-context LLMs: token economics, latency, accuracy trade-offs, and a decision matrix.