Digital Product Passport data model options compared: GS1 Digital Link vs Asset Administration Shell vs custom JSON-LD, EU ESPR deadlines, interop gaps. 2026 guide.
OPC UA FX vs MQTT Sparkplug B compared for the Unified Namespace: machine-level field exchange vs enterprise event bus, TSN, payloads, when to bridge. 2026 decision guide.
VDA 5050 AMR fleet management explained: the MQTT-based interface between master control and mobile robots - order and state topics, node/edge graphs, traffic management and multi-vendor fleet orchestration in 2026.
MQTT Sparkplug B reference architecture: the payload spec, edge nodes and devices, birth and death certificates, state management, primary host application and how Sparkplug brings interoperability to industrial IoT in 2026.
Industrial IoT time-series data platform architecture: high-rate telemetry ingestion, TSDB selection, downsampling and rollups, retention tiers, compression and the query layer feeding dashboards and digital twins in 2026.
Condition monitoring architecture for rotating machinery: vibration and acoustic sensing, ISO 20816 thresholds, edge spectral analysis (FFT, envelope), ISO 13374 data pipeline and the alarm/diagnosis layer behind machinery health in 2026.