The IoT protocol stack explained as a modular architecture — device, transport, messaging, and semantic layers, with how to choose MQTT, CoAP, or OPC UA.
Digital twin oil and gas reference architecture for offshore predictive maintenance — sensor-to-twin pipeline, physics + ML models, and a real ROI model.
Unified Namespace (UNS) for industrial data in 2026 — Sparkplug B 3.0, ISA-95 alignment, HiveMQ vs EMQX vs NanoMQ benchmarks, and a fully refreshed UNS reference architecture.
Digital twin vs simulation — the architectural differences that actually matter, state synchronization, data feedback loops, and a decision matrix for picking the right approach in 2026.
Sparkplug B 3.0 edge of network architecture for production IIoT — topic namespaces, primary/secondary hosts, store-and-forward, MQTT 5 mapping, and 2026 deployment patterns.
Step-by-step OPC UA PubSub over MQTT 5 implementation — DataSetMessage mapping, JSON vs UADP, security profiles, and a working aiomqtt + asyncua tutorial for 2026.
Apache Pulsar geo-replication for industrial IoT — segment storage on BookKeeper, async vs sync replication, multi-region clusters, and a 2026 reference architecture for global telemetry.