Digital Product Passport Data Model (2026): GS1 vs AAS vs Custom
Digital Product Passport data model options compared: GS1 Digital Link vs Asset Administration Shell vs custom JSON-LD, EU ESPR deadlines, interop gaps. 2026 guide.
Software-Defined Manufacturing: The Virtual PLC and Container-Based Control in 2026
Why software-defined manufacturing and the virtual PLC are reshaping the plant floor in 2026: containerized control, real-time Linux, IEC 61499, and vendor moves.
IEC 61499 vs IEC 61131-3: Distributed Control for Industry 4.0 (2026)
IEC 61499 vs IEC 61131-3 compared: event-driven function blocks vs scan-cycle PLC logic, portability, distribution, tooling, and a decision matrix for modern control.
Industrial Machine Vision Defect Detection: Edge AI 2026
A reference architecture for industrial machine vision defect detection: edge AI inference, camera-to-PLC pipelines, model training, and MLOps on the factory floor.
Asset Administration Shell Architecture: The I4.0 Digital Twin
A reference architecture for the Asset Administration Shell (AAS): submodels, the Industry 4.0 digital twin metamodel, AASX, repositories, and PLM integration.
Digital Twin in MES: A 2026 Reference Architecture
A 2026 reference architecture for a digital twin in MES: ISA-95 integration, the real-time data layer, synchronization patterns, and shop-floor use cases.
Catena-X Automotive Data Space: Reference Architecture
A 2026 reference architecture for the Catena-X automotive data space: Eclipse Dataspace Connector, data sovereignty, the digital thread, and use cases.
MTConnect vs OPC UA for Machine Tool Data (2026)
MTConnect vs OPC UA for machine tool and CNC data in 2026: data models, semantics, agents, write-back, and a decision matrix for shop-floor connectivity.
Samsung’s All-AI Factories by 2030: An Analysis
Samsung's pledge to run all-AI factories by 2030, analyzed: digital twins, AI agents for quality and logistics, and what escaping pilot purgatory really takes.
Digital Twin Information Models: AAS vs DTDL vs OPC UA
A 2026 comparison of digital twin information models - Asset Administration Shell, DTDL, and OPC UA: semantics, tooling, interoperability, and a decision matrix.