OPC UA FX v1.00.04 vs v1.00.03: What Changed in Part 81 and Part 84
UAFX v1.00.04 updates Part 81 ConnectionManager and Part 84 conformance units. What changed, and which version your stack really implements.
AAS Units of Measurement 3.0: The unitId Change That Breaks ECLASS Wiring
IDTA-01003-b v3.0 redirects DataSpecificationIec61360 unitId from external dictionaries to a ConceptDescription. What breaks and how to migrate.
ISO 23247-6 Digital Twin Composition: Integrated vs Unified vs Federated
ISO 23247-6 published July 2026 names three ways to compose digital twins: integrated, unified, federated. What each means and when to pick it.
AAS Metamodel 3.2 (IDTA Release 26-01): What Changes for Digital Twin Teams in 2026
IDTA shipped AAS metamodel v3.2 in July 2026. AssetKind gains Batch, AdministrationInformation gains timestamps, plus a new EN 18223 DPP annex. What to migrate.
Digital Product Passport Data Model (2026): GS1 vs AAS vs Custom
Digital Product Passport data model options compared: GS1 Digital Link vs Asset Administration Shell vs custom JSON-LD, EU ESPR deadlines, interop gaps. 2026 guide.
Software-Defined Manufacturing: The Virtual PLC and Container-Based Control in 2026
Why software-defined manufacturing and the virtual PLC are reshaping the plant floor in 2026: containerized control, real-time Linux, IEC 61499, and vendor moves.
IEC 61499 vs IEC 61131-3: Distributed Control for Industry 4.0 (2026)
IEC 61499 vs IEC 61131-3 compared: event-driven function blocks vs scan-cycle PLC logic, portability, distribution, tooling, and a decision matrix for modern control.
Industrial Machine Vision Defect Detection: Edge AI 2026
A reference architecture for industrial machine vision defect detection: edge AI inference, camera-to-PLC pipelines, model training, and MLOps on the factory floor.
Asset Administration Shell Architecture: The I4.0 Digital Twin
A reference architecture for the Asset Administration Shell (AAS): submodels, the Industry 4.0 digital twin metamodel, AASX, repositories, and PLM integration.
Digital Twin in MES: A 2026 Reference Architecture
A 2026 reference architecture for a digital twin in MES: ISA-95 integration, the real-time data layer, synchronization patterns, and shop-floor use cases.