Diffusion LLMs explained: how text diffusion models replace next-token prediction with iterative denoising and parallel decoding - masked discrete diffusion, remasking, throughput trade-offs vs autoregressive models in 2026.
How constrained decoding guarantees valid LLM output: grammars, FSAs, token masking, JSON-schema enforcement, and where structured generation breaks in production.
A 2026 benchmark methodology for small language models on edge GPUs — latency, tokens/sec, memory, and cost for Phi, Gemma, and Qwen on Jetson-class hardware.