Digital twin oil and gas reference architecture for offshore predictive maintenance — sensor-to-twin pipeline, physics + ML models, and a real ROI model.
Digital twin vs simulation — the architectural differences that actually matter, state synchronization, data feedback loops, and a decision matrix for picking the right approach in 2026.
Sparkplug B 3.0 edge of network architecture for production IIoT — topic namespaces, primary/secondary hosts, store-and-forward, MQTT 5 mapping, and 2026 deployment patterns.
Step-by-step OPC UA PubSub over MQTT 5 implementation — DataSetMessage mapping, JSON vs UADP, security profiles, and a working aiomqtt + asyncua tutorial for 2026.