Trace LLM calls and AI agents with OpenTelemetry GenAI semantic conventions: span and metric attributes, agent spans, content capture and Collector setup.
Digital twin state estimation: Kalman, EKF, UKF, particle and ensemble Kalman filters compared, with equations, cost, failure modes and a numpy example.
How OPC UA companion specs for machinery and robotics (OPC 40001, 40010) create shared information models, and how to implement and test them in a plant.