Software Carbon Intensity (SCI): Measuring and Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Software
Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) explained: the ISO-standard formula, energy, grid intensity, embodied carbon, measurement tooling and carbon-aware.
What a ChatGPT Query Actually Costs in Energy and Water: Every Number, Traced to Source
The 500ml and 2.9 Wh figures come from real papers that said something narrower. Here is every published measurement of AI energy and water per query, with its scope.
Carbon Footprint of Industrial AI Inference: 2026 Living Benchmark
A living 2026 benchmark of the carbon and energy cost of industrial AI inference — at the edge, in regional clouds, and per business outcome.