DDS vs MQTT vs OPC UA in 2026 — QoS, discovery, security, broker vs brokerless, and a decision matrix for picking the right industrial messaging protocol by use case.
MQTT 5.0 features that actually move the needle — shared subscriptions, topic aliases, flow control, user properties, reason codes, and the 2026 production patterns to use them.
Hands-on tutorial: building a production-ready OPC UA server in Python with asyncua — address space modeling, security policies, subscriptions, and Docker packaging for IIoT in 2026.
OPC UA Pub/Sub architecture compared — UDP UADP for deterministic LAN delivery vs MQTT for cloud-friendly fan-out. Mappings, message security, and when each wins.
HART protocol architecture — how digital data rides on 4-20 mA analog loops, HART-IP gateways, WirelessHART mesh, and the role of HART 7 in modern Industry 4.0 stacks.