How xenotransplantation works in 2026: CRISPR gene-edited pig organs, immune rejection, PERV knockout, and the engineering behind cross-species transplants.
Base editing rewrites a single DNA letter without cutting the double helix. How cytosine and adenine base editors work, their off-target limits, and 2026 clinical use.
How next-generation CRISPR tools modify gene expression without breaking DNA strands. CRISPRoff/on, RENDER delivery systems, methylation mechanics, and clinical trial progress in 2026.